Streamlining :: Norman Bel Geddes Theater Essays

Streamlining Ukrainian State Theater Foyer - Norman Bel Geddes, Horizons Norman Bel Geddes was a Broadway stage designer turned industrial designer. During a lot of his life, his ideas stretched beyond the vision of most people. He encountered a lot of apprehension toward his innovative ideas, many of which never left the minting board. Yet, Geddes notions of Streamlining are important to rationality public life. Steven Heller and Louise Fili (1995) write, Streamlining was at once the engine of progress and a metaphor for the fast tempo of daily life (p. 80). To Geddes, streamlining illustrated courage We are in like manner much inclined to believe, because things have long been done a certain way, that that is the best way to do them. Following old grooves of thought is one manner of playing safe. But it deprives one of initiative and takes too long. It sacrifices the value of the element of surprise. At times, the only thing to do is to cut loose and do the upset(prenominal ) It takes more even than imagination to be progressive. It takes vision and courage. Geddes deserves our attention because so many of his visions remain a part of our collective consciousness in the prepare of semiotic phantoms that endure the many changes that have taken place sense his age. Photo borrowed from Dannysoars Geddes page. Norman Bel Geddes was born in Adrian, Michigan, in 1893 to a flush(p) family. But, by the time he was seven, his father lost everything in the stock market and drank himself to death a few years later. Norman, his mom, and younger brother lived in poverty for the rest of his childhood. But his mother was a cultured woman and she shared her interest in the theatre and opera with her sons. Norman loved to draw and paint and his mother encouraged him (Russell, 1974, p. 8). During this time, they moved a lot. When Norman was in the ninth grade, he was expelled from school. A cartoonist whod heard about him helped him get into the Cleveland Institute of Art. Norman also attended the Chicago Art Institute for a short time, but school really wasnt his thing. His strong interest in stage and opera grew and soon he found his niche (Russell, 1974, p.10). Geddes most notable contribution to stage design was in lighting. Back then, the sole purpose of lighting was visibility.

The Ineptitude Of The United S :: essays research papers

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with reliable unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." Those are the opening lines to the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence was written in 1776. Yet, slavery continued in the linked States for nearly ninety years after this document declared that "all men where created equal," and those "unalienable rights" are still not shared by everyone in the United States. The U.S. has been lacking in its right to its citizens. The bring up responsibility for humans and civil rights must be expanded in the United States.In declination 1948, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The thirty articles of the UDHR were developed to provide a clear definition of human rights. It because became the responsibility of the provinces of the United Nations to protect those rights. This is where the United States is lacking. The U.S. is one of the founding nations of the United Nations and one of the most influential, yet it has failed to take adequate state responsibility for human rights.Before the ineptitude of the United States can be discussed, the concept of state responsibility for human and civil rights must be clearly defined. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines state as "a politically organized body of people usually occupying a definite territory," and responsibility as " righteous, legal, or mental accountability." These definitions of state and responsibility can be interpreted and combined to provide a literal definition of state responsibility. The definition of state responsibility could then be seen as "the moral and legal accountability of a government." A concise notion of state responsibility for human and civil rights would then be congruent to "the moral and legal accountability of government for life, liberty, security, and any other finite right of a person." With the concept of state responsibility for human and civil rights having been defined, the extent of state responsibility in the United States can be discussed. Rhonda Copelon once noted, "the most limited conception of state responsibility in the United States has been essentially dismantled." Copelon also do a statement to the effect that rights in the U.S. are limited to constraints on government and that they do not reach private conduct or acknowledge the most basic social and economic needs.

Sons And Lovers Eaxamine The R Essay -- essays research papers

Sons and Lovers Examine the Relationships capital of Minnesota has with theWomen in his Life.capital of Minnesota Morel is the main character in DH Lawrences novel Sons andLovers. The story charts his early life from when his parents married andthe subsequent birth of four children, through childhood and earlyadulthood to the death of his develop. During this time triplet women havea major impact on his life, his mother, Miriam and Clara. Each has themost influence at various times in his life and can be attributed to hischildhood, being a young man and early adulthood respectively but eachwomans influence carries on to shape Paul into the man he be recognizes.From the very beginning there is a connection between Paul and hismother in that he looks like her with his dark hair and blue eyes. As achild he seemed old for his years, grave and serious like Mrs Morel. Heis a quiet boy but spirited much like his mother and this increases withage as his others influence becomes more appa rent. When she fretted heunderstood, and could have no peace. His soul seemed always attentive toher is the way their attachment is described their stick to is very strongand very deep. As Paul grew older she never suffered alone for herhusbands faults and what she lacked in life because her childrensuffered with her. It hurt the boy keenly, this feeling about her, that shehad never had her lifes fulfilment so much so that it became hischildish aim to provide it. When he began to work it was almost as if itwere her own life. Paul almost hated his mother for this suffering whenhis sky pilot did not come home from work. He felt she should not wasteherself on a man like his father when she could rely on her son. Thisstems from the jealousy Paul feels of his father because of his place in thehousehold, in his mothers affections and efforts, all of which hedisregards. Paul never had a strong constitution as he was subject to bouts ofbronchitis. Described as delicate, this accounted for his mothersdifference in feeling for him compared with her other children. Shetreated him more tenderly and felt he was of a better mettle than her otherchildren but physically weaker so she always felt a mixture of anguish inher love for him. Further to this Paul could never go home empty to hismother not even when hive away blackberries and because he never didso she did not expe... ...her. Sunday comes between his visits andit goes slowly, hour after laborious hour. He is physically enamoured ofher, for example her ear, half hidden among her light-haired hair, was near tohim. The temptation to kiss it was almost too great. This leads to the factthat for Paul sex is the culmination of intimacy, but as for Miriam, it isnot with Clara either. This proves Pauls relationship with Clara is purelyphysical, as shown by the descriptions of her such as He could see herfigure inside the dress, as if that were wrapped closely round her.In all the relationships are very different between Clara and Miriam but ifyou added the aspects of them together they create something of therelationship Paul had with his mother but in a more sexual context. In allof them Paul is content, yet discontent, happy yet sad, calm but angry -he is a mass of contradictions and seems to realise this at the end of thebook when he not only symbolically walks away from the mistakes andpeople of the past but his past self also. It is obvious his mother had agreat effect on Paul not only in his actions but in the development of hispersonality and will probably continue to after her death.

Michael Wigglesworths Wrathful Poetry Essay -- Michael Wigglesworth

Michael Wigglesworths Wrathful PoetryMichael Wigglesworth was born in England in 1631. He came over to America with his family at the age of seven. He was raised in the town of New Haven, Connecticut until he went to Harvard at sixteen. He graduated in 1651 but remained a tutor for three yrs. He was called to the ministry and reliable a call to a church in Malden, Massachusetts, in 1655 and remained in that town the rest of his life. He had three wives and eight children.Wigglesworth was a small and exceedingly frail man. Due to his sickness, he went to Bermuda for seven months in 1663, and there he began to study medicine, which was his initial interest before the ministry. After this trip, he was a medico as well as a preacher. However, Wigglesworth was non known for his preaching.He was not very well liked in his hometown and turned to poetry collectible to his rejection in the pulpit. Samuel Sewall commenting on his death mentioned two things the fact that he wrote The Day of day of reckoning and that he was very useful as a physician. The fact that Sewall did not comment about Wigglesworth being a preacher helps verifies that he was not well known for his preaching.Wigglesworth wrote a lot of poetry, but his piece The Day of Doom was by far his most famous work The poem sold 1800 copies in its first year of publication, and sold many copies after the first year as well. About one in every twenty people in New England bought a copy, and it was supposedly Americas first bestseller. Children memorized verses of the poem along with their catechism, and others memorized it as well. This poem affected the people of his day and the new American culture. The poem was written in common hymn meter, which made it easy to memor... ...rtheless, it should be realize and remembered for a few reasons. First, it captures the spirit of one of the main religious bodies at the beginning of this Country, Puritanism. The Puritans were one of the first peoples to come over to America and set up a colony, and for this we owe them our gratitude and remembrance. Also, the fact that this poem was probably Americas first bestseller is reason enough to read it. It is important to know our hereditary pattern. So, lets celebrate Americas religious and literary heritage by reading The Day of Doom by Michael Wigglesworth.Works CitedLawson, Stephen. About Michael Wigglesworth and His Poetry. Ed. Milton Stem. New York Viking, 1962. http//www.puritansermons.com/poetry/wigglife.htm.Michael Wigglesworth The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 5th ed. Vol. 1. Ed. Nina Baym. New York Norton, 1998. 283-284.

Personal Narrative: Fate :: essays research papers

I gazed out the window, amazed at how the sun rose from the horizon and illuminated the dimly lit car. It was the beginning of August solely my teeth chattered violently as I sat against the cold seat. My grandfather was wise to insist that I change from my bathing suit before we odd from our annual trip in Atlantic City, New Jersey, however, my sister and I choose to spend our last minutes merrily wadding in the ocean. A feeble yawn escaped my lips as I felt the cold penetrate through the flimsy blanket and make my clothes cling to my skin. I was going sign.I had anticipated the trip all summer long and now that it was over, I wanted integrity more swim, one more ride, and one more delightful taste of fluffy cotton candy. It was time to go back to the reality of an unhealthy grandma and the fear of death. My grandma was an alcoholic and I had grown used to the numerous trips to the hospital and the promises of change with the apologies of regret. Day after day, she would sit in t he old flower-patterned wooden chair drinking the forty-ounce beer, which she weakly act to obfuscate in the wrinkled brown paper bag. At the innocent age of eleven, I knew about the evil brown elixir that she tried to cover and the smell of it made my nostrils flare and stomach churn in repulsion. The silence in the car became deafening as the reality of what awaited me at home became translucent. The doctors would do as they always did, give her advice, the number to a rehabilitation center and she would come home with a cry of redemption. After a calendar week of abstinence and several incidents of violence, she would sooth her emotions with a drink. In order to regain composure she needed divine intervention and the support of her family. Unlike most of the members of my family, I palliate believed that she was capable of recovery but I was also slowly losing faith in her. Before we left for New Jersey, she had learned that her liver was failing and she had no more chances to rectify her life. She had to stop.Through my tired eyes, I observed a feathery white cloud float across the sky and obscure the bright sun. We were almost home and I could not get the haunting thoughts out of my head.

Personal Narrative: Fate :: essays research papers

I gazed out the window, amazed at how the sun rose from the horizon and illuminated the dimly lit car. It was the beginning of exalted but my teeth chattered violently as I sat against the cold seat. My grandfather was wise to insist that I change from my bathing suit in the beginning we left from our annual trip in Atlantic City, New Jersey, however, my sister and I choose to spend our last minutes merrily wadding in the ocean. A feeble yawn escaped my lips as I felt the cold penetrate through the flimsy blanket and make my clothes lodge to my skin. I was going home.I had anticipated the trip all summer long and now that it was over, I wanted one more swim, one more ride, and one more delightful taste of fluffy cotton candy. It was time to go back to the reality of an unhealthy grandma and the fear of death. My grandma was an waterspout and I had grown used to the numerous trips to the hospital and the promises of change with the apologies of regret. Day after day, she would sit in the old flower-patterned wooden chair drinking the forty-ounce beer, which she run-down seek to obfuscate in the wrinkled brown paper bag. At the innocent age of eleven, I knew about the evil brown elixir that she tried to conceal and the smell of it made my nostrils flare and stomach churn in repulsion. The silence in the car became deafening as the reality of what awaited me at home became translucent. The doctors would do as they always did, give her advice, the number to a rehabilitation center and she would come home with a cry of redemption. After a week of abstinence and several incidents of violence, she would sooth her emotions with a drink. In order to regain composure she needed divine intervention and the support of her family. Unlike most of the members of my family, I still believed that she was capable of recovery but I was also slowly losing faith in her. Before we left for New Jersey, she had learned that her liver was impuissance and she had no more chances t o rectify her life. She had to stop.Through my tired eyes, I observed a feathery white cloud float across the sky and smear the radiant sun. We were almost home and I could not get the haunting thoughts out of my head.

Organizational Behavior and Design Essay

Leadership exists in both dinner dress and in pro forma fashion. Formal loss leaders is defined by Byrnes (2003, p. 160) as leadership by a theater director who has been granted the dinner dress authority or right to command. Formal authority in this sense essence those elements that automatically come with leadership perhaps a title, an office, a budget, the right to make decisions, a set of subordinates, a reporting relationship, and so on.Formal leaders are appointed or elected to lead the group by virtue of such characteristics as their position in the organization and their interest or expertise in relation to the groups focus. A formal leader is one who possesses organizational authority to direct and control the activities of subordinates. The individual issues orders and book of instructions to his subordinates by virtue of his formal authority within the organization. The formal leader is responsible and accountable to those who have elected him in a formal way.At the managerial or executive level, this paper asserts that formal leadership is not always necessary at least, the execution of formal authority by the leader must constantly depend on the situation. The main reason behind this assertion is that formal leadership strategies that carry out perceived improvements do not always generate a common vision among leadership groups. Nor does formal leadership always establish or follow guidelines for carrying out improvements.For instance, Durk Jager, former Procter & bump (P&G) CEO, has many traits of a good manager and may have managed P&G well during his time but he was not seen by those whom he managed as being the leader. This example just implies that formal authority is not the sole basis of leadership in part because leadership relationships are found on additional resources other than authority, like expertise and intersomebodyal skills. The formal leader digestnot depend solely on the use of formal authority because subordinates r arely put maximum effort under the pressure of authority.Being a successful businessperson or manager does not make a person a good leader. Just because someone is assigned a formal leadership role does not guarantee that the person provide be the solo leader of the group, or will become effective in the said role, as evidenced in the aforementioned example. A top level manager like Jager that has considerable authority but lacked leadership qualities is likely to be less effective than a supervisor with little authority but a high degree of qualities.People in formal leadership positions may wield force or authority using only their position and the resources and causation that come with it, but never get the cooperation that people who exercise both formal and informal leadership at the same time. Informal leadership move be valuable assets to an organizations formal leadership, and they can use their influence to work with the goals of the organization. In this light, giving managers formal authority is less big than ensuring that their expertise, creativity, initiative and interpersonal skills infuse organizational improvement efforts.Further, while most open-minded formal leaders believe in their own importance, seeing themselves as central to the health of the organization, they do not always regard it as essential that they review either their role or organizational convictions. Furthermore, strictly formal organizations can seldom define all the possible variations of responsibility and personal interaction to be expected of all members in all situations. Nevertheless, organizations appear to be founded upon a basic system of stable expectations regarding differential responsibilities and relationships among the members.This is not a one-way process. That is, it is not the organization alone which sets up role expectations for its members. The members set up expectations for each other and for the organization as a whole. Moreover, while group mem bers can agree upon which members hold the position of leader, the inconsistencies between such agreement and the attempts to guess leadership in terms of group productivity is evidently due to a low correlation between actually powerful behavior and formal leadership status.In conclusion, it would be highly beneficial for an organization if members think of leadership as a behavior, not a formal role, as it will extend the capability for leadership behaviors to all organizational members and call for a change in how the organization approaches leadership development, which then should focus beyond managers or future managers to include all organizational members. Such a conception of leadership does not require that the functions of leadership be vested in one person. any(prenominal) person who influences the group is playing a leaders role and in this sense several individuals may be viewed as leaders at different times. In this paper, it is accepted that leadership may shift am ong group members depending upon the situations confronted by the group. Formal leaders, then, are office holders elected to play the most influential roles most of the time. The informal or effective leaders are the individuals who in fact do play the most influential roles most of the time.Those in formal leadership positions may have final authority, but others, within their own more constrained domains, will still need to draw on virtually the same set of leader attributes. These other leaders support the organizational leadership and extend the reach of those in formal leadership positions. Their leadership is limpid through their ability to work effectively with others, derive consensus, take initiative, question, and propose. These forms of participation in leadership are rarely considered as leadership per se, especially from conventional (i. . , narrow) perspectives.Rather than viewing leadership as the province of a few elites that have formal leadership role designatio ns, an alternative perspective of this paper views leadership as an outcome of effective social structures and processes. It is the aggregate ability to create shared work that is meaningful to people and to add value to an organization. From this latter perspective, everyone can and should participate in both formal and informal leadership.

Master Budget Preparation

(Master budget preparation) Sopchoppy Company manufactures a red industrial dye. The company is preparing its 2000 master budget and has presented you with the following information. 1. The December 31, 1999, brace sheet for the company is shown below. SOPCHOPPY COMPANY Balance Sheet December 31, 1999 AssetsLiabilities and Stockholders Equity Cash $ 5,080 Notes Payable $ 25,000 Accounts due 26,500 Accounts Payable 2,148 Raw Materials Inventory 800 Dividends Payable 10,000 ruined Goods Inventory 2,104 Total Liabilities $ 37,148 Pre nonrecreational Insurance 1,200 Common Stock $100,000Building $300,000 Paid-in Capital 50,000 Accumulated Depreciation (20,000) 280,000 Retained Earnings 128,536 278,536 Total Liabilities and Total Assets $315,684 Stockholders Equity $315,684 2. The Accounts Receivable balance at 12/31/99 represents the remaining balances of November and December credit sales. Sales were $70,000 and $65,000, respectively, 3. Estimated sales in gallons of dye for January through May 2000 atomic number 18 shown below. January 8,000February 10,000 work 15,000 April 12,000 May 11,000 Each gallon of dye sells for $12. 4. The collection pattern for accounts receivable is as follows 70 percent in the month of sale 20 percent in the first month after the sale 10 percent in the second month after the sale. Sopchoppy expects no bad debts and no customers are given bills discounts. 5. Each gallon of dye has the following standard quantities and costs for broadcast literals and direct travail 1. 2 gallons of direct material (some evaporation occurs during processing) $0. 80 per gallon $0. 6 1/2 hour of direct labor $6 per hour 3. 00 Variable overhead is applied to the crop on a machine-hour basis. It takes 5 hours of machine time to process 1 gallon of dye. The variable overhead rate is $0. 06 per machine hour VOH consists entirely of utility(prenominal) costs. Total annual fixed overhead is $120,000 it is applied at $1. 00 per gallon based on an ev aluate annual capacity of 120,000 gallons. Fixed overhead per yr is composed of the following costs Salaries $78,000 Utilities 12,000 Insurancefactory 2,400 Depreciationfactory 27,600Fixed overhead is incurred evenly throughout the year. 6. There is no pedigree inventory of twist in Process. All work in process is completed in the period in which it is started. Raw Materials Inventory at the starting of the year consists of 1,000 gallons of direct material at a standard cost of $0. 80 per gallon. There are 400 gallons of dye in Finished Goods Inventory at the beginning of the year carried at a standard cost of $5. 26 per gallon Direct Material, $0. 96 Direct Labor, $3. 00 Variable Overhead, $0. 30 and Fixed Overhead, $1. 00. 7.Accounts Payable relates only when to raw material. Accounts Payable are paid 60 percent in the month of purchase and 40 percent in the month after purchase. No discounts are given for prompt payment. 8. The dividend will be paid in January 2000. 9. A new piece of equipment costing $9,000 will be purchased on March 1, 2000. Payment of 80 percent will be made in March and 20 percent in April. The equipment will have no alleviate value and has a useful life of three years. 10. The note payable has a 12 percent interest rate interest is paid at the end of each month.The principal of the note is paid off as cash is available to do so. 11. Sopchoppys management has set minimum cash balance at $5,000. 12. The ending Finished Goods Inventory should be 5 percent of the next months needs. This is not true at the beginning of 2000 due to a miscalculation in sales for December. The ending inventory of raw materials should be 5 percent of the next months needs. 13. sell and administrative costs per month are budgeted to be 30 percent of each months sales. Of that amount, 50 percent is depreciation.These costs are paid in cash as they are incurred. 14. Prepare a master budget for each month of the first quarter of 2000. a. sales budget with ex pected cash collections, including the accounts receivable for the next quarter b. production budget c. purchase budget with expected cash payments, including the accounts payable for the next quarter d. direct labor budget e. manufacturing overhead budget f. finished goods ending inventory budget g. selling and administrative budget h. cash budget i. balance sheet j. income arguing

China’s Trade Disputes

chinas Trade Disputes Disputes over protection of Intellectual Property Complainant fall in States Respondent chinaware Before China joined the GATE (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) in 1986, it was a planned frugality. What that does mean? It means that the government was in charge of the production, enthronement and costs. In otherwise words, the government was in charge of running the economy. By that time, China almost had no supranational work solely except with socialistic countries such as the former USSR and Yugoslavia.It was not until 1992, that China began to lower its tariffs. As a result of that, China began to grow steadily and in 2001 China Joined the WTFO (World Trade Organization). tally to Professor David W. Conklin and Danville Caddied (Chinas Trade Disputes, Richard Vive School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, 2009) China had a 42. 9% tariff rate in 1992 16. 6% in 2001 and since consequently it has been around 9. 8%. These figur es show how China the decreased its tariff rates since 1992 to the present.According to the WTFO (World Trade Organization), the average Chinese tariff rate in 2011 was 9. 6%. 1 China connexion the WATT had its own percussions on one hand, it was a new market with a rapidly growing population, which was attractive for many international investors. On the other hand, Chinas export increased extremely fast, this rapid growth affected many industries in advanced economies. What is the reason behind this outcome? in that respect were several cuts regarding Chinas commerce policies that caused a stream of trade disputes between China and other economies.In spite of having the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), many Chinese producers were accused of racy and counterfeiting. The purpose of the Trips was to provide protection in the wide atomic number 18a of reason property. However, that was not the case in China even though, the Chinese government establi sh its Intellectual Property Rights on U. S. And EX. countries, they were not applying those policies effectively.Counterfeiting and piracy in China were estimated to be around 15% to of wholly the products made in the local market. These pillow slip of il ratified activities composed 8% of Chinas GAP. 5 The main issue regarding Intellectual Property is the fact that for most developing countries, he easiest office to achieve combat is through counterfeiting successful products and by copy business practices. Why is this a major problem? The answer is simple these developing economies find as their matched advantage low wage rates.If they copy a product and produce it with those low salaries, they are able to sell it with a price lower than the airplane pilot one. There is no doubt that these type of products are going to steal market share from the companies that originally produced them affecting not only those companies moreover withal the economies that purport them. The main purpose of International laws that protect Intellectual Property is not only to secure fair business but also to relieve Jobs in the domestic help market not to offshore all those Jobs to other foreign countries.We know that weak PR polices and lesser penalties are factors that allow the ranch of counterfeiting and piracy within an economy. Furthermore, a deficient legal system female genitalia be a cause of this too. However, according to John Lehman, this issue might be caused by a different factor he said that Intellectual Property was not part of the Traditional Chinese legal code. He concludes that the main problem about Intellectual property in China is not caused by a deficient legal system nor economy but from intellectual and cultural factors. After the creation of the WIPE (World Intellectual Property Organization) in 1970, the WTFO functioned as a forum for the negotiation of international policies on major issues. However, violations concerning PR (Intellect ual Property Rights) proved to be extremely difficult to handle. Especially with technological products that use to have very short product cycles. Overall, with all the genealogical advances, it was sincerely hard to constrain an accurate legislation to address all of these new type of problems.There is a thin line between counterfeiting and utilise the product as a base to improve it, issues like that were a headache for the WTFO. On April 2007, the United States demanded a consultation with China relating to the protection of PR in China. The matters that were discussed during this series of consultations were the lack of an efficient criminal procedure and set of penalties for commercial piracy, the prohibition to let counterfeited products to be released onto foreign markets and the boundaries in which a right of first publication piracy consists in of an unauthorized copying. The panel concluded that, to the extent that the Copyright Law and the Customs measures as such ar e inconsistent with the TRIPS Agreement, they nullify or impair benefits accruing to the United States under that Agreement, and recommended that China bring the Copyright Law and the Customs measures into conformity with its obligations under the TRIPS Agreement. 8 On April 2010, China and U. S. communicate the Dispute liquidation Body (ADS) that the agreed procedures were effectively in progress. Opinion The protection of PR is one of the most important things for developed countries.I agree that counterfeiting and piracy should be staidly punished. However, in this case I found an interesting opinion Why should these countries honor the property ownership of other when their own manufacturers could create Jobs and nurture domestic prosperity through piracy and counterfeiting? This is obviously the other side of the coin it involves a social issue. But I think that copying (not counterfeiting not piracy) can be useful sometimes. I remember reading that after WI, Japan sent sev eral of this workers to work in U. S. In revision to get the American know-how.What they did was not counterfeiting because they didnt copy the products but they used the models as their base in coordinate to improve it. Thats an interesting idea, especially for developing economies. of late I watched a documentary about the race between China and India. The main difference between both economies was that India was using innovation in order to grow on the other hand, China was relying more on copying products than innovating. The same documentary showed that in the present counterfeiting laws are stronger in China but it is still an issue.Chinas Trade DisputesChinas Trade Disputes Disputes over protection of Intellectual Property Complainant United States Respondent China Before China Joined the GAIT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) in 1986, it was a planned economy. What that does mean? It means that the government was in charge of the production, investment and prices. In other words, the government was in charge of running the economy. By that time, China almost had no international commerce but only with socialist countries such as the former USSR and Yugoslavia.It was not until 1992, that China began to lower its tariffs. As a result of that, China began to grow steadily and in 2001 China Joined the WTFO (World Trade Organization). According to Professor David W. Conklin and Danville Caddied (Chinas Trade Disputes, Richard Vive School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, 2009) China had a 42. 9% tariff rate in 1992 16. 6% in 2001 and since then it has been around 9. 8%. These figures show how China the decreased its tariff rates since 1992 to the present.According to the WTFO (World Trade Organization), the average Chinese tariff rate in 2011 was 9. 6%. 1 China Joining the WATT had its own percussions on one hand, it was a new market with a rapidly growing population, which was attractive for many international investors. On the othe r hand, Chinas export increased extremely fast, this rapid growth affected many industries in advanced economies. What is the reason behind this outcome? There were several issues regarding Chinas commerce policies that caused a stream of trade disputes between China and other economies.In spite of having the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), many Chinese producers were accused of racy and counterfeiting. The purpose of the Trips was to provide protection in the wide area of intellectual property. However, that was not the case in China even though, the Chinese government based its Intellectual Property Rights on U. S. And EX. countries, they were not applying those policies effectively.Counterfeiting and piracy in China were estimated to be around 15% to of all the products made in the local market. These type of illegal activities composed 8% of Chinas GAP. 5 The main issue regarding Intellectual Property is the fact that for most developing countries, he easiest way to achieve competitiveness is through counterfeiting successful products and by copying business practices. Why is this a major problem? The answer is simple these developing economies have as their competitive advantage low wage rates.If they copy a product and produce it with those low salaries, they are able to sell it with a price lower than the original one. There is no doubt that these type of products are going to steal market share from the companies that originally produced them affecting not only those companies but also the economies that purport them. The main purpose of International laws that protect Intellectual Property is not only to secure fair business but also to keep Jobs in the domestic market not to offshore all those Jobs to other foreign countries.We know that weak PR polices and lesser penalties are factors that allow the spread of counterfeiting and piracy within an economy. Furthermore, a deficient legal system can be a cause of this too. However, according to John Lehman, this issue might be caused by a different factor he said that Intellectual Property was not part of the Traditional Chinese legal code. He concludes that the main problem about Intellectual property in China is not caused by a deficient legal system nor economy but from intellectual and cultural factors. After the creation of the WIPE (World Intellectual Property Organization) in 1970, the WTFO functioned as a forum for the negotiation of international policies on major issues. However, violations concerning PR (Intellectual Property Rights) proved to be extremely difficult to handle. Especially with technological products that use to have very short product cycles. Overall, with all the genealogical advances, it was really hard to create an accurate legislation to address all of these new type of problems.There is a thin line between counterfeiting and using the product as a base to improve it, issues like that were a headache for the WTFO. On Apr il 2007, the United States demanded a consultation with China relating to the protection of PR in China. The matters that were discussed during this series of consultations were the lack of an efficient criminal procedure and set of penalties for commercial piracy, the prohibition to let counterfeited products to be released onto foreign markets and the boundaries in which a copyright piracy consists in of an unauthorized copying. The panel concluded that, to the extent that the Copyright Law and the Customs measures as such are inconsistent with the TRIPS Agreement, they nullify or impair benefits accruing to the United States under that Agreement, and recommended that China bring the Copyright Law and the Customs measures into conformity with its obligations under the TRIPS Agreement. 8 On April 2010, China and U. S. Informed the Dispute Settlement Body (IDS) that the agreed procedures were effectively in progress. Opinion The protection of PR is one of the most important things f or developed countries.I agree that counterfeiting and piracy should be severely punished. However, in this case I found an interesting opinion Why should these countries honor the property ownership of other when their own manufacturers could create Jobs and nurture domestic prosperity through piracy and counterfeiting? This is obviously the other side of the coin it involves a social issue. But I think that copying (not counterfeiting not piracy) can be useful sometimes. I remember reading that after WI, Japan sent several of this workers to work in U. S. In order to get the American know-how.What they did was not counterfeiting because they didnt copy the products but they used the models as their base in order to improve it. Thats an interesting idea, especially for developing economies. Recently I watched a documentary about the race between China and India. The main difference between both economies was that India was using innovation in order to grow on the other hand, China was relying more on copying products than innovating. The same documentary showed that in the present counterfeiting laws are stronger in China but it is still an issue.

Jaws vs Saving Private Ryan Essay

This paper seeks to compare and make a critical analysis of the policy-making and complaisant values in the United States as reflected in strike. The premise is that the elements of identity and self-perception can be seen in the types of characterisations during specific periods. Two Steven Spielberg acquires will be utilise for this purpose Jaws which was shown in 1975 and Saving Private Ryan which was vie in theaters in 1998. First, let me tackle the movie Jaws. The film has a simple but entrancing plot it shows how a peaceful summer town c every last(predicate)ed Amity Island is turned upside down with the attacks by a nifty White Shark.The new header of Police, Martin Brody, is matchless of the first persons to learn of the first attack, and has a gut feel that the incident should not be taken lightly, so he planned to scram the beaches closed. Nevertheless, the first incident is brushed aside by the town Mayor since their local anestheticity depended so much on th e revenues from tourists during the summer. Thus, Brodys intuitions are disregarded and eventu anyy, another(prenominal) cheat attack ensues. As the story goes along, more incidents happen pointing to the fact that at that place is a shark frequenting the Amity Island beach.Shark hunters from all over the demesne gather together to scram the killer shark, where a big Tiger Shark is caught but was later found to be a dud. With the Mayors consent, a contr impostor/shark hunter named Quint, is hired to catch the shark and Brody goes along with him together with Hooper, an ichthyologist, who specializes in sharks. The three of them get to work together to catch the Great White Shark, although unfortunately, Quint also becomes mavin of its victims.In the movies climactic moments, Brody is able to feed an oxygen tank ( employ by divers) to the Great White Shark and shoot at it at the moment when it was already aiming to make him one of its meals. The tank explodes inside the shark, a nd its flesh splatters all over the study turning the dark blue sea into red. Hooper, whom Brody presumed dead, then emerges from the waters and they both become ecstatic because they shake up succeeded in killing the Great White Shark, and their deputation has finally ended.Since the movie was shown in 1975, it was not surprising that the values shown in the film were reflective of the contemporary cultural and tender values during that cadence. At the initial part of the film, a group of teenagers are shown gathered around a campfire. One teenager is shown smoking something which is presumably Marijuana. As the camera pans right, a pit is shown kissing. In the foreground, some teens are gathered together passing around one stick which again seemed to be hemp.Then a teenage male child with a can of beer in his hand is focused he was smiling at someone outside the fire, a girl who was also smiling post at him. Boy approaches the girl, girl runs for the beach, boy follows bu t passes out before he even gets to undress. This is the girl who becomes the first victim of the shark attack. The use of marijuana was rampant in the 1970s. Drug use was a new concept at that time and drug addiction was not considered an urgent concern then. It was the time of the hippies, versed promiscuity and assertion of individuality.It was also in the 70s when the abortion rate was at its highest point in the US. Sexual liberation reached its peak levels to the detriment of the new-fashioned adults during that time. This is shown in the way that the teenage girl was inviting the boy to swim in the beach, but undressing along the way further enticing the boy to follow her. The knowledgeable overtones were evident being part of a culture that was more sexually predisposed during the give tongue to period. Although the concept of feminism was already brought up in the mid-sixties through the Womens Liberation Movement, the 1970s saw a second wave of feminism which took plac e.However, this brand of feminism was not meant to be that successful in so far as it was more slanted to fightds activism and asserting immediate social transformation. Hence, the portrayal of women in this film Jaws was still that of the inferior gender. An example of this is the typical housemarried wo opus, equal the wife of Brody who was portrayed as the one who kept the house and took care of the children. The character of Brodys wife was portrayed as one who was supposed to be submissive, to shelter her husband up, to support him and be there for the kids.Another scene is shown where a media man was shouting instructions to a woman who was taking down notes like a secretary. Being a secretary is synonymous to being a servant or a slave, which was how women were regarded in the early times. Women are also portrayed as sexual objects as seen in the way a girl was shown screaming on the beach because she was placed by a guy on his shoulders, and she was thrilled with being o n top. Being viewed as a sex object is also tantamount to treating a woman on unequal terms.In the town meeting at the mayors office, the men (and some elderly people) are shown sitting down with the women standing at the back all throughout, thereby implying that women were still regarded as the less knowledgeable race part of the audience but their opinion not really highly regarded. Actually, much of the primary(prenominal) positions in the town were held by men, and most of the movies scenes were, for the most part, dominated by men. This implied a continued gender partiality which pervaded the social systems in the early days of government and is still seen on the film.Conversely though, the teenage girl shown as the one initiating the sexual move in the initial portions of the film shows that there were already some hints that the social culture was already changing, and that the films director was seeing signs alluding to the inevitability of feminism. This goes to show tha t concepts of feminism and gender par were still in the process of being materialized and it would take a few more years for its full development and adoption into society. In terms of political insights, the movie also tackled the issue of the Chief of Polices seeming helplessness under the Mayors authority.Despite the danger of possible shark attacks, the mayor denied Brodys request to close the beach because of the anticipated loss of revenues. This denoted the irony of electing public officials who, instead of upholding the welfare of the local residents to whom they owe their place in public office, allowed even more holds to be endangered. Now, pertaining to the movie Saving Private Ryan, the movie as mentioned earlier, was shown in theaters in 1995, but the majority of the settings were in June 1944 in France, which was the beginning of World War II.The film starts with an old man going to a military cemetery with his family, and he breaks down as he faces one of the white crosses. His identity is not revealed nor is the name of the soldier who was buried on the grave he was facing. His face is held in close-up and a foreshadowing technique is used to bring up what happened in the past. Capt. John milling machine (Tom Hanks) heads an infantry of soldiers who were sent to Omaha Beach in France as part of the US Military troops to get by against the French and the Germans in World War II.His troops are almost cut in half but they get to survive. Later on, Capt. Miller is devoted a mission by the Chief of Staff of the US soldiery, which is an instruction to find Private James Francis Ryan (Matt Damon) of Iowa and bring him back to his mother at all costs. This was because Private Ryans three brothers who were also soldiers have all passed away, and it was deemed imperative to bring him back alive for his mother, who had no other family left but his except living son. Capt.Miller succeeds in finding Private Ryan but ends up having two of his men kille d, and later on, he himself ends up sacrificing his keep. Private Ryan is the old man who carries the guilt of having had three men to sacrifice their lives for his safety.He cries at the foot of Capt. Millers grave telling him that he tried to live his life well just so he may become worthy of the sacrifices they made for his sake. The genre of the film is mostly action, although there were emotional scenes as in the time when Capt.Miller was trying to hide his sorrow from his other soldiers because of the death of his men. Leadership in the army is difficult because he always had to show his team up that he was strong and always in full control of the situation. Other emotional scenes were1) one of his timid soldiers crying because he wasnt able to do anything for his comrades because of his cowardice 2) the army vehicle coming to the house of the Ryans where the news on the death of the 3 soldiers were to be informed to their mother and 3) the time Capt.Miller died. As a 1995 f ilm, I could say that the movie tried to veer away from politics and other social issues and sought to focus on the discipline of the horrors of war. Since almost 95% of the film was set in the 1940s during the war, the presence of women in the film was totally inappropriate, and hence most of the scenes were dominated by men. The film dealt with the fight scenes between US soldiers and their enemies, the goal of accomplishing their mission and finally, being able to save Private Ryan.No references were made to feminism or sexual issues, and there were no romantic scenes, or allusions to anything sexual in nature. There was one scene however when, there was a French song being played over the phonograph and translated by one of the soldiers who could understand the language. It was a melancholic love song and somehow, the conversation was directed to a memory remembered by one of the soldiers. It was about a woman who had big breasts and it was just one of those things that men tal ked about just to have a good laugh.Other than this, there were no other issues raised pertaining to gender inequality or incidents of treating women as inferior. The only time women were shown in the film was 1) at the beginning and ending, when Private Ryan was heading for the Army cemetery with his family and 2) in the World War II scenes when a family was taken hostage by some French soldiers. In both instances, the women were shown as solely part of a family, but nothing was implied as to what role they had to play or what duties they were expected to perform. In other words, the director preferred to stay in a safe zone on the feminism issue.Regarding politics, no particular reference was made to the US government whether at the national or local levels, although the hierarchy in the military was certainly illustrated as the army soldiers had to follow the orders of their superiors at all times, even if it may cost them their lives. Such portrayal showed the stringency within the military obey before you question, a popular adage among the uniformed personnel, is still practiced up to now. The making of a war film in the US during this time was perhaps influenced by the Gulf War, the war against Somalia, and later on against Haiti during the 1990s.It was also the rise of the internet, the beginning of the Information fester and the emergence of the Third Wave of Feminism. Although these three concepts were not tackled in this movie, it is particularly significant that Director Steven Spielberg chose not to inject modernity into this film. Instead, it sought to capture the violence, havoc and cruelty of war, and the devastation both physical and emotional which it creates in the hearts and minds of its victims. The emotional scars made by the war are irreversible, and the lives lost as a consequence of war can be very painful for those who are left behind.Comparing the two movies together, it can be said that Spielberg was good in eliciting fear from the viewer in both films one due to the suspense from the shark attack, and the other because of the violence depicted during the time of war. Spielberg was excellent at exhibit the gore and aggression in two different film genres. Although movies are only make-believe representations of the real thing, Spielberg did a good job with regards to Jaws, where the editing is said to have been instrumental in making the illusion of the Great White Shark look very authentic.The boat scenes and the chase scenes between the humans and the shark were filled with suspense as the film approached its climax. In like manner, the war scenes in Saving Private Ryan are an improved version of the bloodiness portrayed in Jaws. Here, the soldiers who have been shot, the mangled bodies, detached limbs, and blood gushing from the wounds of the injured soldiers just seemed so real, you could almost smell and taste the blood gushing out.The climax of the movie was reached as the lead actor faced a tank w ith only a pistol on his hand. Similarly, both of the movies had happy yet tragic endings. In Jaws, the lead actor, Brody becomes triumphant as he succeeds in making the oxygen tank bit by the shark to explode and thus tear the shark to pieces. However, Quint, who is the shark hunter and who was actively in pursuit of the culprit, was not that lucky because he too was made into a meal by the shark. Conversely, the lead actor in the film Capt.Miller dies because of a gunshot on the chest which he takes in while protecting Private Ryan. The protected soldier, Private Ryan, gets to live his life well, until his old age and is eternally grateful to his benefactors (Miller and his 2 soldiers) for giving him the importance that he didnt think he deserved. In comparing the social and cultural issues during the two periods, it can be said that the status of women in society has significantly evolved from Jaws to Saving Private Ryan.Moreover, the issues of feminism and gender equality have i mproved considerably from the older to the more recent film. As the quality of film-making was enhanced, so did the social and cultural issues become better in status. Politics and sexual issues which are considered sensitive concerns were not touched on in the 2nd film, perhaps due to the awakened realizations related to the current times matters which were not taken into account during the filming of Jaws.

Civil War, Religion or Economy

To what extent do you accept Lawrence Stones view that religion rather than economic interests influenced the victorious of sides among the nobility in 1642? Religion was a huge part of 17th century England, and can be seen as one of the highest contri scarcelying factors to the civil war. Most of the boorish consisted of Protestants with a minority of Catholics, however this did not mean there was no friction between the two. The religious quarrels began right at the start of Charles reign, when Charles married Henrietta Maria, a French Catholic.Although Charles didnt choose to marry her his father, James, set up the marriage the public, especially the Puritans, didnt like having a Catholic as Queen. A few extremists even saying this as a sign that Charles was secretly Catholic After the King dissolved Parliament, he made William Laud the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1633. While Laud was Archbishop, he made many changes to the Church. Most of these changes involved beatifying t he Church and bringing back robes for priests, statues and stained-glass windows.All these things reminded the English of Catholicism, and it did not please the Presbyterians (puritans) who believed that church should just be about you and God, no extravagance was required and it was considered to be unnecessary. In 1636, Archbishop Laud decided to introduce the English Prayer Book (which stated how services should be run) into Scotland. on that point was nationwide rioting, beca engagement no one wanted to follow the new Prayer Book. Scotland was a Presbyterian (Puritan) country, and they thought that the English Prayer Book was far too Catholic to use in Scotland.This eventually led to many Scots, called the Covenanters, marching down the country in an attempt to invade England. At this point, Charles had to call Parliament to ask for taxes to relent for the war, but was horrified to see that most of the MPs were on the Covenanters side. Parliament agreed that the Prayer Book w as too Catholic, so Charles dissolved them again, but later he ran out of money to correct the Scots, he was forced to call Parliament again. These actions support the view of Source 6 that the populace believed in an prideful Romanist plot to undermine English laws and liberties, and significantly true religion.This plot was made apparent by the alarming support from the evil councillors at court. The Grand Remonstrances famous phrases signify these views and suggest that it was common belief that the King and his advisors were involved in a popish plot. Parliament number one put Laud on trial, and found him guilty. Later they decided to execute Strafford on charges of organising an army in Ireland, where he governed. It turned out that this was a large-mouthed mistake. As soon as Strafford was executed, the Irish Catholics rebelled against the Protestants, saying they were rebelling for the King.Although it was clear this was not true, Parliament did not trust the King when he asked them for an army, and so refused, believing he would use it to crush them instead. Notably, in contradiction to both Sources 5 and 6, Source 7 states that the gentry held no clear alignments as war broke out. There is said to be no clear association of wealth or political sympathies before the war, but correlations do appear in 1645. However, religion is considered to be far more decisive than any socio-economic correlation, suggesting that if any factor could be attributed to the taking of sides, it would in fact be religion.This is supported by the fact that in Yorkshire, over a third of the Royalist gentry were Catholics, and over half the Parliamentarians were Puritans. In contrast to the view that religion was the master(prenominal) influencing factor in the taking of sides among the gentry in 1642, it is also believed that economic interests were responsible for influencing the gentry. James was the first King to reign over both England and Scotland, and when he came down from Scotland it is said that he was astonished at how rich England was, while James had needed to borrow money for his travelling expenses.When James died in 1625, Charles came to the throne, and he, like his father, had very little money. in one courtship Charles became King, the County Factionwanted him to go to war with the Catholics in Spain, so Charles asked them for taxes to use on the war. They refused to pay enough, so the war was hopeless, and Parliament blamed the King for this. The cause Parliament granted so few taxes was that they wanted to make for sure they were called again. Charles, a firm believer in the Divine Right of Kings, thought that he should not have to rule with Parliament, and the only thing that kept him calling it was money.One good example of the way Parliament made sure they were called back in Charles reign was tonnage and poundage. These were duties imposed on certain imports and exports. It was normal for these duties to be decided in the first Parliament of a monarchs reign, but in the case of Charles, they only decided on it for one year, so the King would be forced to call them again. Although Charles tried to ask for more money, Parliament refused, because they believed he spend it on his favourites. Because of this, Charles had to get himself more money.He began using the Church moves, exploiting taxes such as ship money, and selling monopolies and titles. He also opened a Court of Star Chamber, which he used to fine people heavily to raise money. Since the judges in the Star Chamber were officials of the Crown, and there was no jury, Charles could be sure of getting a favourable result. Parliament was furious with this, and immediately drew up thePetition of Right, which asked the King to stop illegal taxation. The King signed it, but only because Parliament threatened to impeach Buckingham, one of the Kings favourites.The quarrels about money went on, and eventually Charles decided to dissolve Parliament. H e reigned without them for 11 years. When the new prayer parole was brought into Scotland, a group called the Covenanters attempted to invade England. Charles called a Parliament to try and get taxes to fight the Covenanters, but they refused, so Charles dissolved them again. He was forced to pay the Scots ? 850 a day to stop them advancing, and eventually, in 1641, his money ran out, and he had to call Parliament he was bankrupt and at their mercy, so money was decidedly a key factor in the outbreak of the civil war.With the economic depression and impoverishment of the populace, the gentry were bound to rebel against the king. Source 5 suggests that this was the main reason why the gentry rebelled against the king. In contrast to Source 6 which suggests religion was the reason, Source 6 implies that the gentry were merely part of a dip protest against the depressing economic situation the found themselves in. In conclusion it can be suggested that neither economic interest nor religion were individual influences in the taking of sides in 1642.It would be a much more accurate judgement to suggest that a mixture of the two were responsible. The combined fears of a popish plot and a continued depression, or even loyalty to the king may have motivated the gentry in taking sides. This is implied by the commixture of evidence from all three sources, mention economic influences and significant religious motivations that would have been completely relevant to the population, but more specifically to the gentry.

African Trade Routes

Africans were among the bountifulest of people back in the 1000s. Effects of calling brought cities to faster than they rise. Great civilizations from Ghana to Zimbabwe both flourished but, had their tragic end. But, it provided them with a lot of things much(prenominal) as gold, salt slaves etc. People introduced camels to the desert in 200 a. d. Merchants primarily used them for trade to the Empires in the middle of the desert. They traded things such as gold, ivory, ostrich feathers, animal hides, and slaves.According to written document 5 The salt trade made the city prosperous in Africa, salt rank with gold and slaves in value. For Merchants to risk camels over hundreds of miles of burning sand, the profits must have been enormous (22). This means that merchants traveled to cities in the desert to make mounds of cash. This trade route was the trans-Saharan trade which they used camels to travel across. Because, Of the Saharan trade routes many cities like Ghana rose and pros pered.It also bought new crops from south and Southeast Asia such as, sugarcane, coconuts, bananas, asian rice, and vegetables. An separate offspring is slavery they used slaves to break up the salt so it could be traded. Also duty had a major effect on Islam. According to document 8 The leadership became integrated into African societies by playing religious,social,and political roles similar to those of traditional priests(447). This means Muslim leaders kind of move in and barely sprinkled their religion around until people caught on.And by learning this new religion it opened doors for even more trading by them eventually learning their language. Ghana soon began to fall, people who were under their control fought for the control of the lucrative trade. Mali was established in 1235 by Sundiata. Male became rich off of the Saharan trade routes. King Moses controlled Gao and Timbuktu his power extended also to the Taghaza salt mines. According to document 9 They put their ch ildren in chains if they say any backwardness in memorizing it, and they are not set free until they have it by heart(304).It basically means that the power that they had over other people also were towards their children which shows they had a lot of money. According to document 6 The inhabitants are very rich, especially the strangers who have settled in the country so much so that the current king has given two of the daughters in marriage of two brothers both businessmen, on account of their wealth (112). This means that he cared so much about their money that he ensured they will never lose it.According to document 1 Salt is so common, so easy to acquire and so inexpensive that we have forgotten that from the beginning of civilization until about 100 years ago (Kurlanksy). It shows you that people that wanted salt had to pay and run low endlessly until they finally got what they needed. Now all you have to do is pick it up at a store no effort is needed. According to documen t 3 Behind the King stood ten pages holding shields and swords decorated with gold. (45). As you can see there was a surplus of gold so they just dressed in it not all

Leadership Study Essay

1.1 Review the head for the hills of group and individual whose converse film to be address As a manger parley plays a very big role. Mangers direct to relegate with different set in different mode. communion should be sound and leave a happy and satisfactory impact. Listening to the team and understanding what they need to say, is the first rule of effective chat. There argon wide range of people I need to communicate with daily, weekly and less frequently basis that includes the early(a) managers, visitors, parents, safekeeping workers extra. I communicate with all told these people in writing, verbally and by listening. When I am communicating with these people mentioned above as well as in the graph I use different learnings for example if I am talking to a visitor , I stir current that they should smell out valued , supported and understand. On the other hand if I am talking to my junior staff I trade name sure they understand my instructions. I make sure tha t they understand that they have to do what I requested them tho at the same time they are happy and motivated. These are the example of few people I communicate with. I will non write all of them in here except the other manager, with them we require mutual respect and understanding.Relationship and contactsParents Other Managers visitorsTeam Including Voluntary Relationship Children And contactsMarketing feel for worker PeopleMode Speaking, Listing and Writing are the essentials of discourse through Meetings emails and verbal communication.1.2 condition how to support effective communication with the job role Good communication is very important to develop good relationship and share selective information with people. I communicate with so mevery different people as I mentioned above. Effective communication helps people to interact with other people and allow you to communicate successfully. Communication should make the atmosphere of cuss and cooperation. When I am comm unicating with parent I make sure I am listening to them and showing them that they are understood by giving paralinguistic. I make sure that I understand and come up with satisfactory solution so they trust and cooperate me and my organisation. I also make sure that they trust us that we are giving their children the trump environment. When I am communicating with my staff I make sure they are understood, I am sensitive to their needs, I am involving them in decision making, listening. I make sure that my massage is cross ways and effective. It helps us to make good relationship with people. On the other hand people bid in KHDA, Municipality and different companies need informative but simple writing and verbal communication.Case History I had one parent came very angry that the child got hurt and we are not taking care of it. When the parent came I listen to him for half an hour with step forward reacting. We showed him the CCTV footage. Parent apologise for his reaction and we nt happily.Detail where effective communication worked The teacher told me exactly what happened and told me that the mother was not happy. I went back checked CCTV. Father came I was listening and waited till he was calm down and showed him the CCTV footage.COMMUNICATION MODE Listing, speaking, pictorial , formal and intimate etcEffective communication1. Personal2. Knowledgeable3. Specific4. Focus on others need and requirements5. Listen6. tack ego with Empathy7. Read between the lines8. Informative9. Speak to the group as individual10. Be nimblePurpose of communicationAs a manger I make sure that all the communication either it is written or verbal is delivering the best impact and effective massage.To delegate of workMeetingsPresentations superintendenceAppraisalsNegotiationsInterviewingMaking relationship with co-workers and clients1.3 Analyse The Barriers and challenges to communicationEffective Communication is signifi locoweedt and a fundamental relationship-building skill in the workplace for any employee especially for managers to perform the basic functions of management, i.e., Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling. If people dont communicate well they limit their ability to connect on any meaningful level which can create conflict. Depending on the position in workplace, others will have expectations of how an individual should communicate with others. It is important that for any employee show respect to those he or she works with. The general social care councils encrypt of practice states that communications should be conducted in an appropriate, open, accurate andstraightforward way. By communicating in this way others will have trust and confidence in any employee and their abilities. Workplace relationships become a lot stronger when people can clearly and effectively communicate what they need and allow others to do the same. There are several barriers that affect the flow of communication in an organisation. These barriers interr upt the flow of communication from the sender to the receiver, and so making communication ineffective. It is essential for managers to deluge these barriers. The main barriers of communication are summarised under.The first barriers to check out are those that an employee could be creating. People may think that they are doing everything possible to assist communication, but they should make sure that they are not making it difficult for people to understand what they say for instance development abbreviations another person does not understand. People should avoid professional jargon and terminology. I am managing from destruction 3 years and I find out that sometimes the massage has been not across. We usually feel that the other party I reviewed why it happened I figured it out Few points mention below1. Language barriers2. Culture and values3. Too very much instruction4. Disagreements5. Tiredness6. Inappropriate environment7. amiss(p) Presentation8. Limited capacity9. As sumptions10. Miscommunication11. Interference12. Linguistic Barriers13. Negative feelings1.4 Implement a strategy to overcome communication Barrier Communication is a regular part of every agenda. Not just communicating in meetings, butactually having a communication plan as part of most agendas. Something as small as effective writing or as large as understanding interpersonal relations. There are a lot of communication barriers faced these days by all. The message think by the sender is not understood by the receiver in the same terms and instinct and thus communication breakdown occurs. It is essential to deal and cope up with these communication barriers so as to ensure smooth and effective communication. I will give now some example how I overcome with these barriers in my setting Plan to make communication better1. Eliminating differences in perception The formation should ensure that it is recruiting right individuals on the job. Its the responsibility of the interviewer t o ensure that the interviewee has command over the written and communicate language. There should be proper Induction program so that the policies of the company are clear to all the employees. There should be proper trainings conducted for required employees (for eg Voice and Accent training). 2. engross of Simple Language Use of simple and clear words should be emphasized. Use of ambiguous words and jargons should be avoided. 3. Reduction and excreta of noise levels Noise is the main communication barrier which must be overcome on precession basis. It is essential to identify the source of noise and then eliminate that source. 4. Active Listening Listen attentively and carefully. There is a difference between listening and sense of hearing. Active listening means hearing with proper understanding of the message that is heard. By asking questions the speaker can ensure whether his/her message is understood or not by the receiver in the same terms as intended by the speaker. 5. Emotional State During communication one should make effective use of body language.He/she should not show their emotions while communication as the receiver might misinterpret the message being delivered. For example, if the car transporter of the message is in a bad mood then the receiver might think that the information being delivered is not good. 6. Simple Organizational Structure The organisational structure should not be complex. The go of hierarchical levels should be optimum. There should be a ideal span of control within the brass instrument. Simpler the organizational structure, more effective will be the communication. 7. Avoid Information Overload Themanagers should know how to prioritize their work. They should not overload themselves with the work. They should spend quality time with their subordinates and should listen to their problems and feedbacks actively. 8. Give Constructive Feedback Avoid giving prejudicious feedback. The contents of the feedback might be negative, but it should be delivered constructively. Constructive feedback will lead to effective communication between the superior and subordinate. 9. Proper Media Selection The managers should properly select the medium of communication. Simple messages should be conveyed orally, like face to face interaction or meetings. Use of written means of communication should be back up for delivering complex messages. For significant messages reminders can be given by using written means of communication such as Memos, Notices etc. 10. Flexibility in meeting the targets For effective communication in an organization the managers should ensure that the individuals are meeting their targets timely without skipping the formal channels of communication. There should not be much pressure on employees to meet their targets.1.4 Mode Of Communication1. Written2. Verbal3. Pictorial4. Paralinguistic5. Formal6. unceremonious